The book can be seen as consisting of three major parts. The first part (Chaps. 1 and 2) sets the stage for the empirical studies that are presented in the second part (Chaps. 3, 4, 5, and 6). In the third part (Chap. 7), we summarize our results and propose a conceptual framework for ecology and environmental science-related topics in science education. The first part includes this and the next chapter, in which we begin by surveying the context in which this book is situated and then proceed to discuss “Evolving Views on the Nature of Nature,” in which we present the conceptual framework that guided our work. Chapter 2 begins with an exploration of the modern conception of nature and how it has enabled Western societies to study and exploit the natural world for their own utilitarian purposes since the beginning of the industrial revolution. We then examine the understanding of nature in modern science and its eventual failure to explain a world that is populated by hybrid entities that are both social and natural in all their manifestations and relations. This is followed by an exploration of the emerging contours of an amodern view of nature that currently guides much of research in ecology and environmental sciences. In the end we present the theoretical framework that shaped our research