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In terms of land area, modern Europe (EU-25) is 90% rural (European Communities
2006). The rural areas are quite diverse not only geographically and in terms
of landscape but also in terms of the different challenges they face. However, the
shift from agricultural production towards a multifunctional landscape and the
increasing value assigned to environmental values affects all rural areas. According
to the OECD, today, even in the predominantly rural regions, agriculture contributes
less than 15% to the total production and income generated (OECD 2002).
Much research has been undertaken on both urban issues and rural areas, but the
number of recent studies dealing with small or medium-sized towns (5,000–20,000
inhabitants) is limited.1 In a way this is strange, because towns also have many
of the advantages that cities have, and they are also strongly connected to their
surrounding areas. Towns used to have a symbiotic relationship with their surrounding area, acting as a source of firm and farm inputs (both goods and services),
as a first destination for farm outputs, as a provider of (supplementary) employment
and income to households, and as a source of consumer goods and services for
households (Tacoli 1998). Over the years, this symbiosis has certainly changed, but
towns could still be considered as important tools in rural development, not only in
peripheral areas but also in the vicinity of cities. Towns are locations where rural
activities meet and where (often) organizational advantages are found. If something
needs to be changed in rural areas, then towns could be a place to start |
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