This volume is the outcome of an International Conference held in Agadir (Morocco), in November 2009, titled “The Integration of Sustainable Agriculture, Rural Development, and Ecosystems in the Context of Climate Change, the Energy Crisis and Food Insecurity”, chaired by Dr. Mohamed Behnassi. The Conference was jointly organized by the Faculty of Law, Economics and Social Sciences of Ibn Zhor University of Agadir (Morocco) and the North South Center for Social Sciences (NRCS), with the fruitful support and sponsorship of the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ). The ambitious goal of this volume, and of the Conference that forms its basis, is to effect a serious rethinking of the complex interface of a baffling array of problems, issues, challenges and opportunities. Deliberations at Conference focused on the critical challenges of sustainable agriculture, rural development, and human and environmental support systems (all within a multilayered context of climate change, the energy crisis, the rise in global population and food insecurity). This complex interface defines the boundaries of paradigms, policies, practices and management actions that converge in such a way as to threaten the condition and well-being of humankind and of ecological systems, globally. As a focus for the Conference and this volume, what could be more compelling than food? It is no mistake that foods are known as staples (that is, they are major parts, elements or features) of all human activity, aspiration and undertaking. Take away these staples and civilization disappears – completely. Without food, there can be no reasoned, sustained development; there can be no trade; there can be no life. The focus of our efforts is, therefore, most fundamental to humanity.