In this book, we examine the relationship between people and natural resources from a CBNRM perspective. We take a utilitarian view of the role of ecosystems in people’s lives, considering the wild resources that millions of people live with to be a crucial component of their livelihood strategies. Our definition of natural resources is broad, covering agriculture, forestry, conservation, tourism, fisheries and ‘everyday’ resources such as bees, brush, water and fuelwood. We draw on case study material from almost every country in the subregion, supplemented by the literature.